1. Select at least 3 of the following taxonomic categories:
● Birds
● Mammals
● Aquatic animals and molluscs (cnidaria, porifera, fish, molluscs)
● Invertebrates
● Herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians)

2. Identify at least 3 native species (at least 5 for the advanced option) from each category to act as indicator species, including endangered species as appropriate. Species affected by urban-related threats such as residential and commercial development, transportation and service corridors, and pollution should be prioritised (see IUCN Red List). Introduced species threatened in their original distribution range should not be considered.

3. Implement the basic or advanced options below.

Basic: Determine presence/absence of at least 3 indicator species in at least 5 representative locations per species across the city (minimum of 45 data points) during the time period of interest (at least one year). Count 1 point for the presence of each species in each location, then divide the total by the maximum possible score to produce a percentage.

Advanced: Map the observed distribution of at least 5 indicator species throughout the city. Calculate the total distribution area of each species and sum the results. Divide the sum by the number of species mapped over the time period of interest (at least one year) to produce an average distribution area. For example, species A is found in two locations, a 0.5 km2 area and a 1 km2 area. Species B is found in one 2.5 km2 area. The area for species A is therefore 1.5 km2 and for B is 2.5 km2. The total area is therefore 4 km2 which is divided by 2 (for 2 species) for a result of 2 km2. Note that overlapping areas may be counted multiple times, once for each species.

Complete either the UBIF programme or Singapore Index indicators 3, 5, and 6.